The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was signed in 628 AD (6th Hijri) between the Muslims of Madinah, led by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the Quraish of Makkah. It was a peace agreement that allowed Muslims to perform pilgrimage the following year and marked a turning point in the spread of Islam through peaceful means.

Fiqhi doctrines

Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali are the four major Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). These schools interpret and apply Islamic law (Sharia) differently based on the Quran, Hadith, consensus (Ijma), and analogical reasoning (Qiyas). Each school has its methodologies and principles for deriving legal rulings.

The real name of Imam Abu Hanifa was Nauman bin Sabit. He was a prominent Islamic scholar and jurist, best known as the founder of the Hanafi school of thought, one of the four major Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence.

The alternative name for "Ghazwa-e-Khandaq" is "Ghazwa-e-Ahzab."

"Ghazwa-e-Khandaq" means "the Battle of the Trench," named after the trench (or moat) that the Muslims dug around Medina as a defensive measure against the attacking confederate forces. "Ghazwa-e-Ahzab" means "the Battle of the Confederates," referring to the alliance of various tribes and groups that came together to attack the Muslims of Medina. This battle took place in 627 CE (5 AH) and is notable for the strategic use of the trench, which prevented the confederates from successfully besieging the city.

Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) participated in 27 battles or military expeditions, known as "Ghazwas." These battles were significant events in early Islamic history, where the Prophet (S.A.W) personally led the Muslim army.

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) had his first business trip to Syria. This journey took place when he was a young man, and he accompanied his uncle, Abu Talib, who was a merchant. During this trip, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) gained early experience in trade, which later helped him in his career as a successful merchant before his prophethood.

The name of the Islamic constitutional organization of the government of Pakistan is the Council of Islamic Ideology (CII).

The Council of Islamic Ideology (CII), also known as the Islamic Ideology Council, is a constitutional body in Pakistan. It was established in 1962 under the Constitution of Pakistan with the primary purpose of ensuring that the laws of the country conform to Islamic teachings and principles. The CII provides recommendations and advice to the parliament and the government on legislative matters to ensure that all laws align with the Quran and Sunnah.

The council consists of Islamic scholars and experts in Islamic law, who review existing laws and proposed legislation to ensure their compliance with Islamic principles.

Taraka refers to the wealth or property left by a deceased person, which is to be distributed among their heirs according to Islamic inheritance laws.

The nisab of Zakat in gold, when measured in tola, is 7.5 tolas.

This means that if a person owns 7.5 tolas (approximately 87.48 grams) of gold or more for a lunar year, they are required to pay Zakat, which is 2.5% of the total value of the gold.

The title of the Tafseer (commentary) written by Mufti Muhammad Shafi is "Ma'ariful Qur'an". This comprehensive commentary on the Qur'an is one of the most widely read and respected Tafseers in the Urdu language. It was initially written in Urdu and later translated into several languages, including English. "Ma'ariful Qur'an" provides detailed explanations of the Qur'anic verses, combining traditional exegesis with contemporary insights.

Sila-e-Rahmi is an Arabic term that literally means "maintaining the ties of kinship" or "strengthening family bonds." In Islam, Sila-e-Rahmi refers to the importance of keeping good relationships with one's family and relatives, being kind and supportive to them, and maintaining regular contact. It is considered a significant act of worship and a way to earn Allah's pleasure. Islam places great emphasis on respecting and taking care of family members, as it fosters love, unity, and support within the community. Neglecting these ties, known as Qat-e-Rahmi (severing kinship), is discouraged and considered a sinful act.

The literal meaning of "Ijma" in Arabic is "consensus" or "agreement." In Islamic jurisprudence, Ijma refers to the consensus of the Muslim community, particularly the scholars, on a particular issue of Islamic law or practice. It is considered one of the primary sources of Islamic law after the Qur'an and Sunnah. The concept of Ijma is based on the belief that the Muslim community as a whole cannot agree on an error, making their unanimous agreement a significant source of guidance in Islamic jurisprudence.

The first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty was Hazrat Muawiya (RA).

He became the caliph in 661 CE after the end of the First Fitna (the first civil war in Islamic history) and established the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital in Damascus, Syria. Muawiya was a skilled politician and administrator and served as the governor of Syria under Caliph Uthman ibn Affan. His leadership marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, which ruled the Islamic empire for nearly a century, until 750 CE.

The term used for the longest verse of the Holy Qur'an is Ayat-e-Mudayana, which translates to "The Verse of Debt." This verse, also known as Ayah 282 of Surah Al-Baqarah, is the longest verse in the Qur'an. It provides detailed guidance on financial transactions, emphasizing the importance of recording debts and the principles of fair dealing in financial matters.

Āyat-e-Mudayyanah (آیَتِ مُدَایَنَہ) — also known as Āyat al-Dayn (آية الدَّيْن) — is the longest verse in the Holy Qur’an.

The distance required for Qasr (shortening of prayers) in Islam varies slightly depending on the interpretation of different Islamic scholars and schools of thought. However, the commonly accepted distance for a traveler to shorten their prayers is approximately 78 kilometers or more.

When a Muslim travels this distance or more from their hometown, they are permitted to perform Qasr by shortening the four-unit (Rak'ah) prayers (Dhuhr, Asr, and Isha) to two units. This concession is made to ease the burden of prayer during travel.

"Rabbi Zidni Ilma" is an Arabic phrase from the Quran, found in Surah Taha, verse 114. The phrase translates to "My Lord, increase me in knowledge."

It is a supplication taught by Allah to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) as a prayer for seeking more knowledge. Muslims often recite this supplication to ask Allah for wisdom, understanding, and knowledge in various aspects of life, both worldly and spiritual.

Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his companions remained under siege in Shi'ab-e-Abi-Talib for approximately three years.

This boycott, which lasted from 617 CE to 619 CE, was imposed by the Quraysh tribe of Mecca on the Prophet (S.A.W), his followers, and the members of the Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib clans. During this time, the Muslims and their allies faced severe hardships, including a lack of food and basic necessities, as the Quraysh sought to isolate them and force them to abandon their support for Islam. The siege ended when some of the Quraysh leaders decided to lift the boycott.

"Namaz-e-Janaza" is the Islamic funeral prayer. It is a prayer offered for a deceased Muslim before their burial. This prayer is a collective obligation, known as Fard Kifayah in Islamic terms, meaning that if some members of the community perform it, the obligation is lifted from the rest. Namaz-e-Janaza is typically performed in congregation and consists of specific supplications and prayers seeking forgiveness and mercy for the deceased. Unlike other prayers, it does not include any bowing (Ruku) or prostration (Sujood).