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Philosophy Past Paper MCQs
Philosophy 2025 MCQs
1 / 20
The philosopher who revived the philosophical and scientific spirit in the Islamic world was:
Al-Ghazali’s works reconciled theology with philosophy, though he later critiqued excessive rationalism.
2 / 20
"Critique of Pure Reason" was written by:
Kant’s Critique (1781) explores the limits of human reason and the nature of knowledge.
3 / 20
Marcus Aurelius belonged to the School of:
The Roman emperor’s Meditations epitomizes Stoic ideals: virtue, self-control, and acceptance of fate.
4 / 20
The "Vienna Circle" was founded by:
Schlick established this group (1920s), pioneering logical positivism and the verification principle.
5 / 20
According to Aristotle, there are ______ causes operative in the Universe.
Aristotle proposed four causes: material (what something is made of), formal (its design), efficient (what creates it), and final (its purpose).
6 / 20
According to Leibniz, Monads possess:
Leibniz’s monads (metaphysical "atoms") don’t interact but synchronize via God’s pre-established harmony.
7 / 20
The term "Post-Modernism" was coined by:
Lyotard introduced the term in The Postmodern Condition (1979), critiquing grand narratives.
8 / 20
The only English member of the Vienna Circle was:
Ayer popularized logical positivism in English with Language, Truth, and Logic (1936).
9 / 20
The term meaning "purpose" is:
Teleology (from Greek telos, "end/goal") studies purpose or design in nature, e.g., "the heart exists to pump blood."
10 / 20
The Pragmatic theory of truth declares truth as:
Pragmatists like James and Peirce defined truth by practical consequences ("what works").
11 / 20
The school that teaches Divine Attributes are identical with His essence is:
Asharite theology (Sunni Islam) asserts God’s attributes are His essence, rejecting separation.
12 / 20
"Kashf-ul-Mahjoob" is primarily a book of:
Ali Hujwiri’s 11th-century text is a foundational Sufi work on spiritual unveiling and divine love.
13 / 20
"Self-Consciousness" is the fundamental concept of:
German Idealists like Hegel viewed self-consciousness as key to understanding reality and human experience.
14 / 20
The philosopher who claimed the universe is composed of numbers was:
This describes Pythagoras, who believed numbers underlie reality. The options omitted him, making (D) correct.
15 / 20
The first Muslim philosopher to propose a complete theory of Prophet-hood was:
Al-Farabi integrated Greek philosophy with Islamic thought, detailing Prophet-hood as a link between divine and human realms.
16 / 20
The philosopher who declared religion as "opium for the masses" was:
Marx viewed religion as a tool to pacify oppressed classes, diverting them from material struggles.
17 / 20
The philosopher who proposed that Philosophy should return to the study of Being was:
Heidegger’s Being and Time (1927) recentered philosophy on "the question of Being" (Ontology).
18 / 20
"Dialogue Concerning Natural Religion" was written by:
Hume’s Dialogue critiques arguments for God’s existence, emphasizing skepticism and empirical limits.
19 / 20
The philosopher who believed in the singularity of Reality was:
Spinoza argued for monism—that Reality is a single substance ("God or Nature"), rejecting mind-body duality.
20 / 20
The School of Epicureans promotes:
Epicureanism teaches that pleasure (especially intellectual pleasure) is the highest good, but emphasizes moderation to avoid suffering.
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