CSS Islamic Studies MCQs - 2025

During the rule of Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658–1707 CE), the Mughal Empire reached its economic peak, contributing approximately 25% of the world's total GDP. The empire had a flourishing economy, driven by agriculture, textiles, trade, and industry, making it one of the richest and most powerful states in the world at that time.

Ghazwa Khandaq is also called Ghazwa Ahzab (غزوة الأحزاب), meaning the Battle of the Confederates.

This battle took place in 627 CE (5 AH) when various Arab tribes, including the Quraish and Jewish tribes, united against the Muslims of Madina. The Muslims, under the leadership of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), defended the city by digging a trench (Khandaq) around it, which led to the battle being called Ghazwa Khandaq (Battle of the Trench).

This strategy, suggested by Salman Farsi (RA), helped the Muslims secure victory despite being outnumbered.

Abdullah bin Salam (RA) was a Jew before accepting Islam.

He was a respected Jewish scholar in Madinah and recognized the truth of Islam upon meeting Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He embraced Islam after asking the Prophet (PBUH) specific questions that only a true prophet could answer. His conversion is mentioned in the Qur’an (Surah Al-Ahqaf 46:10).

Muhammad bin Qasim, during his conquest of Sindh, treated Hindus as "People of the Book" (Dhimmis).

Hadith Taqreeri refers to the silent approval of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) regarding an action or statement made in his presence. If the Prophet (PBUH) saw or heard something and did not object to it, his silence or approval is considered a form of tacit endorsement, making it part of the Sunnah.

This type of Hadith is important in Islamic jurisprudence because it indicates that the action was permissible and not against Islamic teachings.

The event referred to as "Fateh Mubeen" (Clear Victory) in the Holy Qur’an is the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.

This treaty was signed between the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Quraish of Makkah in the year 628 CE (6 AH). Although it seemed unfavorable to Muslims at first, it ultimately led to the peaceful expansion of Islam and the conquest of Makkah. The Qur'an (Surah Al-Fath, 48:1) describes it as a manifest victory:

"Indeed, We have granted you a clear victory." (Qur’an 48:1)

This treaty allowed Muslims to perform Umrah the following year and led to a significant increase in the spread of Islam.

The New Testament is a part of the Christian Bible, which contains the teachings of Jesus Christ (Isa AS) and includes the Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Revelation.

The other options refer to different scriptures:

• Torah – The holy book revealed to Prophet Musa (Moses AS).

• Psalms (Zabur) – The book given to Prophet Dawood (David AS).

• Suhuf Ibrahim – The scriptures revealed to Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham AS).

Since none of these are the New Testament, the correct answer is "None of these."

The Silk Handkerchief Movement was a secret Indian independence movement during World War I. It involved a network of Islamic clerics who sought to incite a pan-Islamic revolt against British rule. They used silk handkerchiefs as a means of communication, distributing messages and coordinating activities across various regions. The British authorities discovered the movement, leading to the arrest of key figures and the suppression of the uprising, which ultimately failed to achieve its goals but highlighted the growing discontent with British rule. The movement underscored the intersection of religious and political motivations in the fight for Indian independence.

If a husband dies childless, his widow is entitled to one-fourth (1/4) of his estate, according to Islamic inheritance law (Shariah).

This ruling is based on the Qur’an (Surah An-Nisa 4:12):

"And for the wives is one-fourth if you leave no child..."

If the husband had children, the widow's share would be one-eighth (1/8) instead.

Dar Al-Arqam was located in Makkah, near the Safa Hill.

It was the house of Al-Arqam bin Abi Al-Arqam (RA) and served as the first secret center for early Muslims to gather, learn about Islam, and pray. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used it as a safe place for preaching Islam, especially during the early years of his mission when Muslims faced persecution from the Quraish.

The Hudaybiyyah peace document was written from the Muslim side by Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA).

He was instructed by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to write the terms of the treaty between the Muslims of Madinah and the Quraish of Makkah in 628 CE (6 AH). During the writing process, the Quraish objected to the phrase "Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah," insisting it be replaced with "Muhammad, son of Abdullah." Although reluctant, the Prophet (PBUH) agreed to the change for the sake of peace.

Haroon Al-Rashid appointed Imam Abu Yusuf to write "Kitab al-Kharaj," a book on Islamic finance and taxation.

Wuqoof-e-Arafah (standing at Arafat) is the most essential and obligatory pillar of Hajj. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said:

"Hajj is Arafah." (Sunan Ibn Majah 3015, Tirmidhi 889)

This means that without standing at Arafat on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, the Hajj is invalid.

The other options:

• Safa (Sa’i between Safa and Marwah) – a necessary rite but not the most obligatory.

• Rami (stoning the Jamarat) – an important ritual but not the basic obligation.

• None of these – incorrect because Wuqoof-e-Arafah is the correct answer.

Hazrat Sheikh Ali Bin Usman Hajweri (Hazrat Data Ganj) came to Lahore in 1041 AD with Masud Ghaznawi, the son of Mahmood, a Turko-Afghan invader. 

Zainab bint Khuzaymah (RA) was one of the wives of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and is known as "Umm al-Masakeen" (Mother of the Poor) due to her generosity and kindness towards the needy.

She was previously married to ʿAbdullah ibn Jahsh (RA), who was martyred in the Battle of Uhud. After his death, the Prophet (PBUH) married her. However, she passed away only a few months after the marriage, making her one of the shortest-lived wives of the Prophet (PBUH).

The author of "Kitab al-Hind" is Al-Biruni.

Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) was a Persian scholar, historian, and polymath. He wrote Kitab al-Hind (The Book of India) based on his travels and observations in the Indian subcontinent. The book provides detailed insights into Indian culture, religion, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and customs. It is considered one of the most comprehensive accounts of medieval India by an outsider.

None of the names listed—Khaula, Umme Hani, or Atiya—are among the Ummahat-ul-Mu'mineen (Mothers of the Believers), a title given to the wives of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

The Mothers of the Believers include:

1. Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (RA)

2. Sawda bint Zam'a (RA)

3. Aisha bint Abi Bakr (RA)

4. Hafsa bint Umar (RA)

5. Zainab bint Khuzaymah (RA)

6. Umm Salamah (Hind bint Abi Umayyah) (RA)

7. Zainab bint Jahsh (RA)

8. Juwayriya bint Al-Harith (RA)

9. Umm Habiba (Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan) (RA)

10. Safiyyah bint Huyayy (RA)

11. Maymunah bint Al-Harith (RA)

Since none of the given options belong to this list, the correct choice is "None of these."

Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi belonged to the Naqshbandi order, which is not listed among the options.

He was a prominent Islamic scholar and Sufi saint of the Mughal era and is often referred to as Mujaddid Alf Thani (The Reviver of the Second Millennium). His teachings emphasized strict adherence to Shariah, reforming Sufism, and opposing un-Islamic practices that had crept into society. His influence played a key role in shaping Islamic thought in the Indian subcontinent.

The Kusoof prayer (صلاة الكسوف) is performed during a solar eclipse, starting when the eclipse begins and continuing until it ends. It is a special Sunnah prayer consisting of two rak‘ahs, each with two rukū‘ (bowings) and two sujood (prostrations) instead of the usual one. The Qur'an is recited aloud, and it is preferred to perform the prayer in congregation, though it can also be prayed individually. During the eclipse, Muslims are encouraged to engage in du'a, dhikr, and seeking forgiveness. This prayer is based on authentic narrations from Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who performed it when a solar eclipse occurred in his time.

The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) stood in respect for the funeral of a Jewish person.

This incident is recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, where a Jewish funeral procession passed by, and the Prophet (PBUH) stood up. When someone asked why he did so, he replied:

"Is it not a soul?" (Sahih al-Bukhari 1311, Sahih Muslim 961)

This act demonstrated the Prophet’s (PBUH) respect for human dignity, regardless of a person’s faith.