International Law MCQs - 2024

Universal jurisdiction allows prosecution of crimes like genocide or piracy due to their gravity and global condemnation (B). Seriousness (A) and prevalence (C) are factors but not the legal basis.

Article 32–33 of the UNCAC requires protections for whistleblowers (A) and witnesses (B) reporting corruption.

Jus soli ("right of soil") grants nationality based on birth within a territory. It contrasts with jus sanguinis (bloodright).

Grotius ("Father of International Law") wrote De Jure Belli ac Pacis (1625), foundational to modern international law.

Piracy jure gentium is a universal jurisdiction crime; any state can prosecute pirates regardless of nationality (UNCLOS Article 105).

The Montevideo Convention defines statehood (permanent population, defined territory, government, and capacity to enter relations). It does not address self-determination (B) or maritime boundaries (C).

This treaty law principle (VCLT Article 62) allows termination of treaties if circumstances change fundamentally.

Under international law, remedies include restitution (e.g., returning land), compensation, and satisfaction (apology). Ceding territory (B) is not a standard remedy.

The Kellog-Briand Pact (1928) renounced war as a tool of national policy, marking a shift from the "Just War" doctrine. The League Covenant (B) regulated war but did not repudiate it, while Bretton Woods (A) deals with economics.

UNSCR 1373 (2001) mandates states to freeze terrorist assets and criminalize terror financing. UNSCR 1441 (B) relates to Iraq, and 1574 (A) to Sudan.

This principle ("extradite or prosecute") applies to crimes like torture and terrorism. States must either extradite suspects or try them domestically (e.g., under the UNCAT).

The UNCAT 1984 prohibits torture by state officials or with state consent (Article 1). It does not cover acts by private citizens (A), occupying forces (B), or non-state actors (C) unless they act with state involvement.

The sources of international law (per Article 38 of the ICJ Statute) include treaties, customary law, general principles of law, and judicial decisions. International Financial Transactions (A) are commercial activities, not a legal source. Principles of law (B) and contracts (C) can influence international law but are not standalone sources.

Under International Humanitarian Law, military targets exclude monuments (A), prisons (B), and medical camps (C), which are protected.

Extradition is the process where one state surrenders an individual to another state for prosecution or punishment. It operates on the Principle of Reciprocity, meaning states agree to extradite individuals based on mutual treaties or agreements. While equality (A) and non-interference (B) are important in international law, they are not the foundational basis for extradition.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) promotes fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources, including indigenous knowledge (Article 8(j)). The other conventions focus on cultural property (B) or narcotics (C) and do not address indigenous knowledge.

Dolus Specialis (special intent) is a legal concept in international criminal law, particularly for genocide. It means the perpetrator must have the specific intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. This distinguishes genocide from other crimes like ethnic cleansing (C), which may not require such specific intent.

UN Peacekeepers monitor ceasefires, protect civilians, and stabilize conflict zones (Chapter VI of UN Charter). They do not apprehend suspects (A) or fight wars (B), as they operate with host-state consent and neutrality.

Under UNCLOS (1982), an EEZ extends 200 nautical miles from the baseline, where states have sovereign rights over resources. Options (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Jus ad bellum governs the legality of war (e.g., self-defense under UN Charter). Jus in bello (A) regulates conduct during war.