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Governance & Public Policies Past Paper MCQs
Governance & Public Policies 2024 MCQs
1 / 20
The role of the judiciary in serving as a check on agencies is through:
Courts ensure agencies act within legal bounds via judicial review, not by writing rules or prosecuting administrators directly.
2 / 20
The term privatization refers to:
Privatization shifts service delivery from government to private entities (e.g., toll roads, healthcare) to improve efficiency/cost-effectiveness.
3 / 20
The transfer of resources and power to lower-level authorities which are largely or wholly independent of higher level of governments are termed as:
Devolution grants autonomy to subnational governments (e.g., provinces), unlike decentralization, which may retain central oversight.
4 / 20
In the study of Public Ethics, consequentialism refers to:
Consequentialism judges actions by results (e.g., utilitarianism), unlike deontology (duty-based ethics) or virtue ethics.
5 / 20
The term ______ refers to a way of working where service providers and users work together to reach a collective outcome.
Co-production involves collaboration between service providers (e.g., government) and citizens in designing/delivering services.
6 / 20
Determining whether a particular policy has had the intended effect is called:
Evaluation assesses policy outcomes against goals, while implementation is about execution, and formulation is about designing the policy.
7 / 20
Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with respect to New Public Management?
New Public Management (NPM) promotes decentralization, market-driven approaches, and managerial autonomy, opposing rigid centralization.
8 / 20
Public agencies:
Agencies implement policies, provide expertise, and often draft regulations, making them key players in the policy process despite not being the sole decision-makers.
9 / 20
A central theme of the “reinvention” is the need for:
Reinventing government (1990s reforms) emphasized innovation, customer service, and private-sector flexibility in public administration.
10 / 20
Increased use of private firms for the delivery of public services comes in part from:
Neoliberal ideologies favor market solutions over government-run services, driving privatization trends globally.
11 / 20
In which year, was the 18th Constitutional Amendment passed by the national assembly of Pakistan?
The 18th Amendment (April 2010) devolved powers to provinces, reshaping Pakistan’s federal structure post-NFC Award.
12 / 20
“Agenda setting” in the policy process refers to:
Agenda setting is the first stage where issues are prioritized for government action, distinct from formulation (designing policies) or implementation (executing them).
13 / 20
One of the most dramatic developments in recent years in the relationship between agencies and the courts is:
Courts increasingly intervene in agency operations (e.g., prison reforms, environmental regulations) to enforce constitutional rights.
14 / 20
Public policies are:
Public policies are formal decisions made by government bodies to address societal issues, distinct from laws (which are binding rules) or cabinet-only decisions.
15 / 20
The ______ is a summary composite measure of a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: health, knowledge and standard of living.
The HDI (by UNDP) combines life expectancy, education, and income metrics to rank countries’ development levels.
16 / 20
The ambiguity of public administration refers to:
Public administration often deals with broad, complex societal issues where clear-cut objectives are hard to define, unlike private businesses that focus on measurable profit goals.
17 / 20
Woodrow Wilson argued that the work of government agencies would be accomplished more effectively by:
Woodrow Wilson, a key figure in public administration, emphasized the separation of politics from administration. He advocated for applying private-sector efficiency and business-like principles to government operations to improve effectiveness.
18 / 20
If a public servant imposes duties and obligations upon the citizens, which are not required by the law, it can lead to:
Unlawful imposition of duties exceeds legal authority, constituting misuse of power (maladministration), not mere procedural errors.
19 / 20
Which among of the following is not considered as part of the Civil Society?
Civil society includes NGOs, religious groups, and think tanks—non-state actors. The legislature is a formal government institution.
20 / 20
Three key pillars of the state are:
The three branches of government—legislature (makes laws), executive (implements laws), and judiciary (interprets laws)—form the foundation of democratic governance, ensuring checks and balances.
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