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Geology 2025 MCQs
1 / 20
Hydrothermal deposits are mostly:
Epigenetic deposits form after the host rock has already formed. Hydrothermal fluids often deposit minerals in existing fractures and voids, making them epigenetic.
2 / 20
The rate at which temperature increases with increasing depth inside the Earth is called:
The geothermal gradient is the rate of temperature increase per unit depth inside the Earth.
3 / 20
The zone of leaching in a soil is also called:
The A-horizon is the topsoil layer where minerals are leached out due to percolating water, leaving behind organic matter.
4 / 20
The maps which place rocks in their presumed position before folding and thrusting are known as:
Palinspastic maps attempt to reconstruct the original position of rock units before deformation.
5 / 20
The apparent dip of any bed towards any direction is:
Apparent dip is measured in a direction not perpendicular to the strike, so it's always less than the true dip.
6 / 20
If a fault plane is inclined with an angle of 35°, then the hade will be:
Hade is the angle between the fault plane and vertical. Hade = 90° - dip = 90° - 35° = 55°.
7 / 20
S-wave is terminated at:
S-waves (secondary waves) cannot travel through liquid, so they stop at the mantle-core boundary where the outer core is liquid.
8 / 20
“Sima” is a general term used to refer to:
SIMA stands for Silica + Magnesium, indicating oceanic crust composition.
9 / 20
Exothermal deposits are characterized by:
Exothermal mineral deposits form in environments with high temperature and pressure, cool rapidly, and are often found at shallow depths.
10 / 20
The density of the rock with natural moisture content is:
Bulk density includes the volume of pores and natural moisture in the rock, unlike dry density.
11 / 20
The capacity of a rock particle to withstand bending loads is termed as:
Bending strength is the measure of a rock's ability to resist deformation under bending.
12 / 20
Which of the following groups of fossils became extinct at the Permo - Triassic boundary?
Trilobites went extinct during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event, around 252 million years ago.
13 / 20
Staining technique is used to differentiate between calcite and:
Calcite and dolomite look similar but can be distinguished using a dilute acid or staining technique. Dolomite reacts weakly, calcite reacts vigorously.
14 / 20
A mine excavation made along the strike of a 2 meter thick tabular ore body dipping 30° is called:
A drive is a horizontal or near-horizontal tunnel following the strike of the ore body.
15 / 20
The process by which atomic nuclei spontaneously decay is termed as:
The correct term is radioactive decay, which is not listed in the options.
16 / 20
Which one of the following mountain ranges has been formed where continental crusts have converged?
The Himalayas formed due to the convergence of the Indian and Eurasian continental plates.
17 / 20
Identify the correct sequence for the rank of coal from lowest to highest:
This sequence reflects increasing carbon content and energy value, from least to most.
18 / 20
Attitude of a bed can be measured by:
Geological compass is used to find strike and clinometer to measure the dip, giving the attitude of the bed.
19 / 20
Which of the following is the agent of metamorphism?
Metamorphism is driven by heat, pressure, and fluids, all of which contribute to mineralogical and structural changes.
20 / 20
Which earthquake body waves have the greatest velocity?
P-waves (primary waves) are compressional waves and travel fastest through all types of materials.
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