Geography MCQs - 2025

UTM is a global map projection system dividing the Earth into 60 zones for accurate 2D representation. "Unified Transverse Mercator" is incorrect.

Fetch is the uninterrupted distance wind travels over water, determining wave size. Wavelength and period describe wave physics.

Lateral moraines form along glacier edges from eroded valley walls. Medial moraines occur where two glaciers merge, and ground moraines are beneath the ice.

Star color correlates with temperature (e.g., blue = hot, red = cool). Size and distance require other measurements.

The zenith is the point directly overhead. The horizon is the skyline, and aphelion is a planet’s farthest point from the Sun.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) manage, analyze, and visualize spatial (location-based) data, such as maps or satellite imagery.

Natural levees are raised riverbanks from repeated flooding. Alluvial fans and deltas form at river mouths or slope breaks.

Metadata describes other data’s attributes (e.g., author, date, format), aiding organization and retrieval. It is not specific to weather or oceans.

The Grand Banks are shallow fishing grounds off Newfoundland, Canada (NE North America), famous for rich marine life.

Volcanic bombs are large, molten rock blobs ejected during eruptions that solidify mid-air. Ash and dust are finer particles.

Hydrolysis is a chemical process where water molecules split other compounds (e.g., salts or organic molecules). Hydration involves water absorption without breaking bonds, and oxidation involves electron loss.

Convection drives weather in the troposphere (lowest layer). The stratosphere is stable, and the ionosphere contains charged particles.

LANDSAT, launched in 1972, is the longest-running Earth-observation program. SPOT (1986) and NOAA (1970s) followed later.

Fossils form in sedimentary rocks (shale, sandstone). Granite is igneous, solidifying from magma, which destroys organic remains.

Alluvial fans are fan-shaped deposits of sediment where rivers spread out at mountain bases. Waterfalls and potholes are erosional features.

The Himalayas formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates (convergence). Divergence creates rift zones, and volcanism is unrelated.

A cirque is a bowl-shaped depression carved by glaciers at mountain heads. Kettles are depressions from melting ice blocks, and eskers are winding ridges of glacial sediment.

Land and sea breezes are local wind systems that reverse direction daily due to differential heating of land and water. During the day, air flows from sea to land (sea breeze), and at night, it reverses (land breeze). Monsoon winds are seasonal, while trade winds are steady planetary winds.

Spatial databases store geographic data (e.g., coordinates) and are termed geodatabases. The other options are unrelated.

Australia lacks glaciers due to its low elevations and warm climate. Asia and Europe have glaciers (e.g., Himalayas, Alps).