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Criminology Past Paper MCQs
Criminology 2024 MCQs
1 / 20
Many of the rules prescribed severe penalties which apply the dictum 'An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.' was related to:
The Code of Hammurabi (Babylon, c. 1754 BCE) famously enforced lex talionis (retributive justice). It’s one of the earliest written legal codes.
2 / 20
A working definition of the problem is formulated during which stage of the SARA problem-solving approach?
The SARA model (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment) involves defining the problem in the Analysis phase after identifying it in Scanning.
3 / 20
Children who continue to commit status offense despite repeated intervention by the family, school, social service, and Law Enforcement Agencies are called:
A chronic status offender refers to a juvenile who repeatedly engages in behaviors that are only illegal due to their age (e.g., truancy, running away). Unlike a life-course persistent offender (who commits serious crimes over a lifetime) or a recidivist (a repeat offender in general), this term specifically applies to juveniles who defy interventions meant to correct their behavior.
4 / 20
Phishing is a form of:
Phishing involves tricking victims into revealing personal data (e.g., via fake emails), a subset of identity theft. While it may involve impersonation (A), the primary goal is stealing identities.
5 / 20
The first specialized correctional institute for youth in the United States was:
The House of Refuge (New York, 1825) was the first youth correctional facility in the U.S. Borstal institutions (UK) and juvenile courts came later. The "House of Commons" is unrelated.
6 / 20
A philosophy of punishment based on society’s moral outrage or disapproval of a crime is called:
Retribution focuses on punishing offenders because they "deserve" it, reflecting societal moral condemnation. Utilitarian philosophy (B) aims to deter crime, not express outrage.
7 / 20
Community policing recommends _____ with less reliance on the patrol car and more emphasis on face-to-face interactions.
Community policing prioritizes prevention (A) and geographic focus (B) (e.g., foot patrols) to build trust and reduce crime proactively.
8 / 20
_____ applied a positivist approach in analyzing crimes.
Lombroso used positivism (scientific study of criminal traits), while Beccaria (C) was a classical theorist, and Merton (B) focused on social strain.
9 / 20
_____ is when a company or person sends unwanted email to another person.
Spamming is unsolicited bulk messaging. Spoofing (B) fakes sender identity, while skimming (A) steals card data.
10 / 20
_____ describes repeat offending by those who have been in prison.
Recidivism measures relapse into crime post-imprisonment. It’s a key metric for evaluating rehabilitation programs.
11 / 20
_____ damages data, _____ steals sensitive private information.
Viruses corrupt or delete data.
Spyware secretly collects personal information (e.g., passwords). Antivirus (B/C) is protective software, not malicious.
12 / 20
_____ is a malicious software that inserts itself into other programs.
A virus attaches itself to clean files and spreads by infecting other programs. Worms (A) replicate independently, while malware (B) is a broad term for malicious software.
13 / 20
A person who frequently has been convicted of criminal behavior and is presumed to be a danger.
Habitual criminals repeatedly engage in crime due to ingrained behavior, unlike occasional (A; situational) or professional (C; skilled) criminals.
14 / 20
“Parens patriae” is:
Parens patriae (Latin for "parent of the nation") is a legal doctrine where the state acts as the ultimate guardian of minors or incapacitated individuals, ensuring their welfare. Both (A) and (B) correctly describe this role.
15 / 20
According to Strain theory, _____ are those individuals who have traditional success goals, but substitute deviant means to achieve them.
Innovators accept societal goals (e.g., wealth) but use illegal means (e.g., fraud) when legitimate paths are blocked (Merton’s Strain Theory).
16 / 20
Cesare Beccaria had written a book on “crime and punishment” in:
Cesare Beccaria, an Enlightenment thinker, published "On Crimes and Punishments" in 1764, advocating for fair and proportionate punishment. His work laid the foundation for classical criminology.
17 / 20
Social Disorganization Theory was proposed by:
The Chicago School (Shaw & McKay, 1942) developed this theory, linking crime to neighborhood breakdown. Merton (B) proposed Strain Theory; Sutherland (C) coined Differential Association.
18 / 20
_____ coined the term Criminology.
French anthropologist Paul Topinard first used "criminology" in 1885. Lombroso (B) is the "father of criminology," but he didn’t coin the term.
19 / 20
_____ is called the father of probation.
John Augustus, a Boston shoemaker, pioneered probation in 1841 by bailing out offenders and supervising them—a practice that evolved into modern probation.
20 / 20
Who is considered the father of Criminology?
Cesare Lombroso is regarded as the "father of criminology" for his positivist approach, which linked criminal behavior to biological traits (e.g., "born criminal" theory). Beccaria (A) founded classical criminology, focusing on rational choice and punishment.
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