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Agriculture & Forestry Past Paper MCQs
Agriculture & Forestry 2024 MCQs
1 / 20
The primary purpose of backcrossing in plant breeding is:
Backcrossing transfers a trait (e.g., disease resistance) from a donor to a recurrent parent, ensuring the offspring retain the parent’s traits + the new trait.
2 / 20
Which type of forest management aims to mimic natural disturbances, such as wildfires?
Uneven-aged systems replicate natural diversity with trees of varying ages/species. Even-aged (A) and shelterwood (B) involve uniform tree removal.
3 / 20
Optimal pH range for most crops is:
Most crops thrive in slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6-7). Extreme pH levels (too acidic or alkaline) hinder nutrient availability, affecting plant growth.
4 / 20
The term "silviculture" refers to:
Silviculture involves growing/managing forests for timber, ecology, or recreation. It differs from sericulture (silkworms) or pathology (disease management).
5 / 20
The process of breaking down organic matter into simpler compounds by microorganisms is:
Decomposition involves microbes (bacteria, fungi) breaking down dead organic material into nutrients like nitrogen and carbon, enriching the soil.
6 / 20
Which international agreement focuses on combating illegal logging and promoting trade in legally harvested timber?
FLEGT targets illegal logging via trade regulations. The Kyoto Protocol (A) addresses climate change, and Nagoya (C) focuses on biodiversity access.
7 / 20
Regeneration of a forest without direct human intervention is referred to as:
Natural regeneration is termed natural succession. Reforestation (A) and afforestation (B) involve human planting; rehabilitation (C) restores degraded land.
8 / 20
Which of the following is a common invasive species affecting forests?
Kudzu (native to Asia) overgrows native plants in the U.S. and other regions. Eucalyptus and oak are typically non-invasive in their native ranges.
9 / 20
The practice of growing two or more crops in proximity to enhance pest control and nutrient utilization is:
Agroforestry integrates trees with crops/livestock to improve biodiversity, reduce pests, and optimize resource use (e.g., shade trees with coffee plants).
10 / 20
The primary purpose of sustainable forestry is:
Sustainable forestry balances timber production, biodiversity, and ecosystem health. Options A–C focus only on extraction/profits, contradicting sustainability.
11 / 20
The cultivation of crops without the use of soil is known as:
Hydroponics grows plants in nutrient-rich water solutions, eliminating soil. Aeroponics suspends roots in air with misted nutrients, while precision farming uses tech for optimized field management.
12 / 20
In the context of biodiversity the term "keystone species" refers to:
Keystone species (e.g., wolves, bees) have disproportionate ecosystem impacts. Their loss can collapse ecological balance, unlike merely abundant (A) or endemic (C) species.
13 / 20
The primary purpose of riparian forest buffers is:
Riparian buffers (vegetation near water) stabilize banks, filter pollutants, and reduce erosion. While they aid wildlife (B) and carbon storage (C), erosion control is primary.
14 / 20
Which insect order includes pests such as grasshoppers and locusts?
Orthoptera includes grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets. Coleoptera (beetles) and Lepidoptera (butterflies/moths) are other pest orders.
15 / 20
Which soil type has the smallest particle size?
Soil particles are classified by size: sand (largest, 0.05–2 mm), silt (0.002–0.05 mm), and clay (smallest, <0.002 mm). Clay particles are tiny, leading to high water retention but poor drainage.
16 / 20
In forestry, the term "coppicing" refers to:
Coppicing cuts trees near the base to stimulate new shoot growth for sustainable wood harvest. It’s not planting (A) or thinning (C).
17 / 20
The primary role of pheromones in pest management is:
Pheromones lure pests into traps for monitoring or disrupting mating (not killing directly). This reduces pesticide use in integrated pest management (IPM).
18 / 20
The hormone, responsible for promoting cell elongation and bending in response to light, is:
Auxins regulate phototropism (growth toward light) by elongating cells on the shaded side of stems. Gibberellins promote stem growth, and cytokinins stimulate cell division.
19 / 20
The process of exposing seeds to moisture and temperature to initiate germination is known as:
Stratification mimics winter conditions (cold/moisture) to break seed dormancy. Scarification physically damages seed coats, and vernalization induces flowering via cold exposure.
20 / 20
The practice of removing dead or diseased trees from a forest is known as:
Salvage logging recovers value from damaged trees while reducing fire/insect risks. Clear-cutting (C) removes all trees, and pruning (B) trims live branches.
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