Geography MCQs - 2025

Metadata describes other data’s attributes (e.g., author, date, format), aiding organization and retrieval. It is not specific to weather or oceans.

The Himalayas formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates (convergence). Divergence creates rift zones, and volcanism is unrelated.

Alluvial fans are fan-shaped deposits of sediment where rivers spread out at mountain bases. Waterfalls and potholes are erosional features.

The Grand Banks are shallow fishing grounds off Newfoundland, Canada (NE North America), famous for rich marine life.

UTM is a global map projection system dividing the Earth into 60 zones for accurate 2D representation. "Unified Transverse Mercator" is incorrect.

Australia lacks glaciers due to its low elevations and warm climate. Asia and Europe have glaciers (e.g., Himalayas, Alps).

The zenith is the point directly overhead. The horizon is the skyline, and aphelion is a planet’s farthest point from the Sun.

Convection drives weather in the troposphere (lowest layer). The stratosphere is stable, and the ionosphere contains charged particles.

Natural levees are raised riverbanks from repeated flooding. Alluvial fans and deltas form at river mouths or slope breaks.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) manage, analyze, and visualize spatial (location-based) data, such as maps or satellite imagery.

Star color correlates with temperature (e.g., blue = hot, red = cool). Size and distance require other measurements.

Fetch is the uninterrupted distance wind travels over water, determining wave size. Wavelength and period describe wave physics.

Land and sea breezes are local wind systems that reverse direction daily due to differential heating of land and water. During the day, air flows from sea to land (sea breeze), and at night, it reverses (land breeze). Monsoon winds are seasonal, while trade winds are steady planetary winds.

Spatial databases store geographic data (e.g., coordinates) and are termed geodatabases. The other options are unrelated.

Hydrolysis is a chemical process where water molecules split other compounds (e.g., salts or organic molecules). Hydration involves water absorption without breaking bonds, and oxidation involves electron loss.

Fossils form in sedimentary rocks (shale, sandstone). Granite is igneous, solidifying from magma, which destroys organic remains.

LANDSAT, launched in 1972, is the longest-running Earth-observation program. SPOT (1986) and NOAA (1970s) followed later.

A cirque is a bowl-shaped depression carved by glaciers at mountain heads. Kettles are depressions from melting ice blocks, and eskers are winding ridges of glacial sediment.

Lateral moraines form along glacier edges from eroded valley walls. Medial moraines occur where two glaciers merge, and ground moraines are beneath the ice.

Volcanic bombs are large, molten rock blobs ejected during eruptions that solidify mid-air. Ash and dust are finer particles.