CSS Political Science-II MCQs - 2011

Following the 1982 Constitution of Turkey, General Kenan Evren, who led the 1980 military coup, automatically became President for a seven-year term.

The last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, fled the country on January 16, 1979, as the Islamic Revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini swept Iran.

Ivan IV, known as Ivan the Terrible, ruled from 1533 to 1584. He was the first Tsar of All Russia, and his reign marked the transformation of Russia into a centralized state.

In 1839, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan joined government service as a clerk in the judicial department at Delhi. He later rose to the position of Sub-Judge and became a great reformer and educationist.

The Privy Council of the United Kingdom is a formal advisory body to the monarch. It consists of around 300 members, including senior politicians, judges, and cabinet ministers.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah resigned from the Indian National Congress in 1920 because he disagreed with Mahatma Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement, calling it unconstitutional and disorderly.

According to the 1968 White Paper, the House of Lords had 1,062 members, including 771 hereditary peers by succession, before later reforms reduced their political role.

The Qing dynasty’s most prosperous phase began with the rule of Emperor Kangxi, who came to the throne in 1661. His reign marked the start of China’s “Golden Era.”

The U.S. Constitution was drafted in 1787, ratified in 1788, and came into force on March 4, 1789 — when the first Congress met and George Washington became the first President of the United States.

The Rajya Sabha (Council of States), under Article 80 of the Indian Constitution, can have a maximum of 250 members, including 12 nominated by the President.

The Ottoman Empire reached its peak during the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566). As his name isn’t among the options, “None of these” is correct.

The Lok Sabha (House of the People) includes 30 members representing Union Territories, either elected directly or nominated, depending on each territory’s status.

The Constitution Committee, chaired by Abdul Hafeez Pirzada, presented the draft Constitution to the National Assembly on 12th February 1973. It was adopted on 12th April 1973 and enforced on 14th August 1973.

Liu Shaoqi, a key Communist leader and President of China (1959–1968), emphasized the importance of party cadres as the backbone of the Communist Party.

The Russian emperors were titled “Tsar” (or Czar), meaning “Caesar.” None of the given options match, hence “None of these” is correct.

After the 1958 French Constitution created the Fifth Republic, General Charles de Gaulle took oath as its first President on January 8, 1959.

The Third French Republic was formally established under the Constitutional Laws of 1875, following the downfall of Napoleon III’s Second Empire in 1870.

The 13 American colonies that revolted against Great Britain later formed a Confederation in 1777 under the Articles of Confederation, serving as the first constitution of the U.S. before being replaced in 1789.

From 1941 to 1952, Iran experienced great political instability — with 25 different cabinets being formed under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.

The All-India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka (1906), and its first regular session was held in Karachi in December 1906, where resolutions on Muslim rights were passed.